Cutting oil composition

ABSTRACT

A non-aqueous cutting oil composition is disclosed. The cutting oil composition comprises a major amount of paraffinic or naphthenic base oil and a minor amount of an additive combination which comprises: (a) sulfurized natural or synthetic sperm oil, (b) chlorinated paraffin, (c) trimer acid, and (d) dialkyl phosphite.

United States Patent [191 McClaflin [4 1 Sept. 30, 1975 1 CUTTING OIL COMPOSITION [75] Inventor: Gifford George McClaflin, Ponca City, Okla.

[73] Assignee: Continental Oil Company, Ponca City, Okla.

[22] Filed: Mar. 8, 1973 211 Appl. No.: 339,269

[52] US. Cl 252/46.7; 252/46.6; 252/56 R;

252/57 [51] Int. Cl. C0lM 1/48 [58] Field of Search 252/46.7, 46.6, 56 R, 57

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5/1939 van Peski et a1 252/46.6 8/1955 Beare 252/46.7 X

2,734,868 2/1956 Bright et a1. 252/46.7 2,830,024 4/1958 Chapman et 252/46.7 2,914,479 11/1959 Tom et a1. ...252/57 X 3,030,304 4/1962 Elliott et a1. 252/46.7

3,071,549 1/1963 Stark 252/57 X 3,208,945 9/1965 Stuart et a1. 252/57 X 3,273,981 9/1966 Furey 252/56 R X 3,492,232 1/1970 Rosenberg 252/57 X 3,719,600 3/1973 Bosniack 252/56 R X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Chemical Week, Oct-Dec. 1971, (1972 Buyers Guide in Act) Vol. 109, Emery Organic Chemicals."

Primary E.\'aminerH. Sneed Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Baylese E. Rutherford, Jr.

[ 5 7] ABSTRACT 10 Claims, No Drawings 1 CUTTING OIL COMPOSITION BACKGROUND is concerned with non-aqueous metalworking compositions having an additive combination which results in the final compositions having improved properties.

PRIOR ART A computer search of this art in broad terminology resulted in some 53 references, most of whichwere considered by the agent handling the case to be totally irrelevant.

The most pertinent references resulting from the computer search are belived to be the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 2,612,477; 2,617,768; 2,698,304; 2,711,395; 2,890,172; 2,999,814; 3,017,352; 3,018,246; and 3,123,562..

The most pertinent art is believed to be the following:

The Standard Handbook of Lubrication Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1968, contains the following teachings:

1. it is known to use sulfurized sperm oil in cutting oils;

2. it is known to use chlorinated waxes and other chlorinated hydrocarbons as extreme pressure (E.P. additives;

3. his known to use Organic phosphites as E.P. additives.

According to the Chemical Week 1972 Buyers Guide Issue, dimer and trimer acids, available from Emery Industries, Inc., are suitable for use in metalworking lubricants.

The invention of the present application. is believed patentable over the prior art for the following reasons. The specific additive combination gives improved'EP.

properties. Use of a trimer acid gives better E.P. prop-,

erties than does the dimer acid.

BRIEF SUMMARY OFTI-IE INVENTION Broadly stated, the present invention is directed to a DETAILED DESCRIPTION The term naphthenic lubricating oil" is well known to those skilled in the art. Naphthenic oils have a greater amount of aromatics, lower viscosity indexes, and lower pour points than do the pale oils. The sulfurized naphthenic oils are naphthenic oils containing either natural and/or added sulfur. Usually, the amount of sulfur is in the range of l to 4 percent by weight. More usually, the amount'of sulfur is from about 2 to about 3 percent by weight. I I

Suitable sperm oils include both .natural and synthetic. The natural sperm oils are derived from the sperm whale and consist predominantly of monohydric fatty alcohol esters of fatty acids. Both the fatty alcohols and fatty acids are mixtures of saturated and 'unsaturated materials. The sperm oils are low in triglyceride content. A complete description of sperm oils is found in the following book: :The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats by Hilditch and Williams, Fourth Edition, pp. 72 and 73 (book distributed in U.S. by Barnes & Noble, Inc.).

The synthetic sperm oils are materials which approximate the composition of the natural sperm oils. They are prepared by esterification of natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols. i

The sulfurized sperm oils (natural and synthetic) are prepared by reacting the original material with elemental sulfur or sulfur compounds to contain a specific amount of sulfur. The amount of sulfur is usually from 5 to 15 weight percent, more usually from 8 to 12 weight percent. I

The term .chlorinated paraffin is well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, it refers, to materials having molecular weights in the range of from about 500 to about 600 and a chlorine content of about 30 to about 60, preferably about 40 to about 50, percent by weight. v The term trimer acid refers to aliphatic tricarboxylic acids produced by the polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids. Typically, they have acid values of 145-191 and saponification values of 170-210. Particularly suitable trimer acids are available from Emery Industries, Inc., under the trademark Empol 1040 and Empol 1041.

The base oil, which isused in a major amount of my Q composition, can be a paraffinic or naphthenic lubrieating oil.

According to the 1972 Chemical Week Buyers Guide Empol 1040 and Empol 1041 have the fol-. lowing typical composition:

Dimer Acid" Trimer Acid Emp0l" I040 20 8O Empol" l04l l() "1c dibusic acid MzW. Approx. 565 "C,,; trihasic acid M.W. Approx. 845

PERCENT BY WEIGHT Suitable Preferred Sulfurized Sperm Oil l-25 2-10 Chlorinated Paraffin 0.5-10 1-5 Trimer Acid 0.25-5 0.5-3 Dialkyl Phosphite 0.1-5 0.25-2

Of course, it is understood that the remainder of the composition comprises the base oil.

Use of a non-sulfurized base oil requires the use of larger amounts of sulfurized sperm oil, within theranges stated above.

In order to illustrate the nature of the present invention still more clearly, the following examples, both illustrative and comparative, will be given. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific conditions or details set forth in these examples except insofar as such limitations are specified in the appended claims.

The E.P. data were obtained using the Four-Ball test machine, as described in ASTM Method D-2783-69T, but using the conditions stated in the Examples. The Four-Ball machine and test method are also illustrated and described in a publication entitled Lubrication Engineers Manual by National Tube Division of U.S. Steel Corp.

The materials used were the following:

Sulfurized Naphthenic Oil A 50/50 blend of 100-1 15 SSU viscosity at 100F and 150-160 SSU viscosity at 100F. It has the following typical specifications: API gravity 23-24; Natural sulfur 1.5-1.7 wt percent;

Added sulfur 0.85-1.0 wt percent.

Chlorinated Paraffin Chlorine 42 wt percent; Sp. Gr. 1.185 Viscosity, SSU at 60F 9.87 at 210F 170.

Trimer Acid Containing 90 percent trimer acid and percent EXAMPLE 1 This example shows 1 that composition containing a combination of trimer acid and dilauryl phosphite is superior to compositions containing a combination of dimer acid and dilauryl phosphite, and (2) compositions containing the combination of trimer acid and dilauryl phosphite are superior to compositions containing no dilauryl phosphite.

PERCENT BY WEIGHT COMPOSITlON NO.

"Weld and No-Seizure at 10 seconds and 1800 RPM. *Weur-one hour. 1800 RPM. 20 Kg.

EXAMPLE 2 This example shows that Composition C of Example 1 is superior to three commercial cutting oils in that the maximum no-seizure load decreases with increasing temperature for the commercial cutting oils but not for Composition C.

Four-Ball Maximum No-Seizure Load, Kg (10 Seconds at 1800 RPM) TEMPERATURE Composition Ambient 1 F 250F 350F 400F C from Ex. 1 65 75 65 Commercial Oil X" 72 72 46 16 10 Commercial Oil Y" 63 53 5O 13 7 Commercial Oil Z 57 43 4 3 EXAMPLE 3 dimer acid. Acid value 145-185 (Empol" 1041 from Emery Industries, Inc.).

Dimer Acid 97 percent dimer acid/3 percent trimer acid.

Acid value 191-197; Saponification number 193-200 (Empol 1010 from Emery Industries, Inc.).

Dilauryl Phosphite Phosphorus 6.2 weight percent; Sp. Gr. 0.889; Viscosity, SSU at 100F 94.

Sulfurized Synthetic Sperm Oil Sulfur 10.0 weight percent; Active sulfur none; Sa-

ponification number 212; Viscosity at 210F 158 SSU.

Sulfurized Sperm Oil Sulfur 10.0 weight percent; Viscosity at 210F 200 SSU.

This example shows that sulfurized sperm oil can be substituted for sulfurized synthetic sperm oil.

COMPOSITION NO.

Thus, having described the invention in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined herein and in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A non-aqueous cutting oil composition comprising (a) from about 55 to about 98 weight percent of a par- 5 affinic or naphthenic base oil and (b) the combination of the following materials in the amounts specified:

b. said chlorinated paraffin contains about 30 to about 60 weight percent chlorine, and c. said trimer acid contains at least 80 percent C tribasic acids. 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the base oil is a sulfurized naphthenic lubricating oil.

6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the dialkyl phosphite is dilauryl phosphite.

Percent by Weight l0 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein:

Sulfurized Sperm Oil About I to about 25 Chlorinated Paraffin About 0.5 to about 10 a. the sulfurized naphthenic base 011 contains about Trimer Acid About 0.25 to about 5 l to about 4 percent by weight sulfur,

Dialkyl Phosphite About 0.1 to about 5 b. the chlorinated paraffin has a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 600, and c. the trimer acid has an acid value of about 145 to about 191 and a saponification number of about 170 to 210. 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein: a. the sulfurized naphthenic base oil contains about 2 to about 3 weight percent sulfur,

said composition being characterized further in that a. said sulfurized sperm oil contains about 5 to about 15 weight percent sulfur, b. said chlorinated paraffin contains about 30 to about 60 weight percent chlorine, and c. said trimer acid contains at least 80 percent C tribasic acids.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the base oil is the chlorinated paraffin contams about 40 to about a sulfurized naphthenic lubricating oil. 50 welght percent i The composition of claim 2 wherein the dialkyl c. the sulfurized sperm or] contains about 8 to about phosphite is dilauryl phosphite. 12 weight P f" i A nomaclueous cutting n composition comprising 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the sulfurized from about 80 to about 96 weight percent of a paraf- Sperm Q11 15 a Synthetic sperm finic or naphthenic base oil and the combination of the 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the specified following materials in the amounts specified: materials are present in the-following amounts:

Percent by Weight Percent by Weight Sulfurized Sperm Oil bout 2 to about 10 Sulfurized Synthetic Sperm Oil About 5 Chlorinated Paraffin About 1 to about 5 Chl ri t d P r ffi About L4 Trimer Acid About 0.5 to about 3 Trimer Acid About 1 Dialkyl Phosphite About 0.25 to about 2 Dilauryl Phosphite About 0.5

said composition being characterized further in that a. said sulfurized sperm oil contains about 5 to about 15 weight percent sulfur, 

1. A NON-AQUEOUS CUTTING OIL COMPOSITION COMPRISING (A) FROM ABOUT 55 TO ABOUT 98 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A PARAFFININ OR NAPHTHENIC BASE OIL AND (B) THE COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS IN THE AMOUNT SPECIFIED:
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the base oil is a sulfurized naphthenic lubricating oil.
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the dialkyl phosphite is dilauryl phosphite.
 4. A non-aqueous cutting oil composition comprising from about 80 to about 96 weight percent of a paraffinic or naphthenic base oil and the combination of the following materials in the amounts specified:
 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the base oil is a sulfurized naphthenic lubricating oil.
 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the dialkyl phosphite is dilauryl phosphite.
 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein: a. the sulfurized naphthenic base oil contains about 1 to about 4 percent by weight sulfur, b. the chlorinated paraffin has a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 600, and c. the trimer acid has an acid value of about 145 to about 191 and a saponification number of about 170 to
 210. 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein: a. the sulfurized naphthenic base oil contains about 2 to about 3 weight percent sulfur, b. the chlorinated paraffin contains about 40 to about 50 weight percent chlorine, and c. the sulfurized sperm oil contains about 8 to about 12 weight percent sulfur.
 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the sulfurized sperm oil is a synthetic sperm oil.
 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the specified materials are present in the following amounts: 